High School Science North Dakota Standards

Access: Effective searches strategies can locate information for intellectual or creative pursuits.

Curate relevant information from digital resources using a variety of tools and methods.

Create: It is important to both consume and produce information to be digitally literate.

Choose the appropriate platforms and tools for meeting the desired objectives of their creation or communication.

Data Creation & Analysis: Data can be collected, used, and presented with computing devices or digital tools.

Represent complex data in more than one way to support a claim.

Digital Identity: The responsibilities and opportunities that come with living, learning, and working in an interconnected digital world.

Continued growth.

Evaluate: Information sources can be evaluated for accuracy, currency, appropriateness, and purpose.

Gather accurate, credible, and relevant sources of information, media, data, or other resources showing different perspectives.

Hardware & Software: Devices, hardware, and software work together as a system to accomplish tasks.

Continued growth.

Recognize the importance of and effectively perform software and security patches/updates. (CYSEC)

Identify important data or systems that need redundancy. (CYSEC)

Impacts of Computing: Past, present, and possible future impact of technology on society.

Evaluate the social, personal, and economic implications technology has on society and the economy.

Intellectual Property: Respect for the rights and obligations of using and sharing intellectual property.

Demonstrate an understanding of and respect for the rights and obligations of using and sharing intellectual property.

Continued growth.

Continued growth.

Networks & Internet: Networks link computers and devices locally and around the world allowing people to access and communicate information

Identify and define different network connection types (e.g., Wi-Fi, mobile data, ethernet).

Identify networkable devices.

Problem Solving & Algorithms: Strategies for understanding and solving problems

Create and test an algorithm to solve a complex problem across disciplines.

Responsible Use: Respect and dignity in virtual and physical communities.

Continued growth.

Continued growth.

Continued growth.

Understand the purpose of and comply with Acceptable Use Policies.

Safety & Ethics: There are both positive and negative impacts in social and ethical behaviors for using technology.

Implement best practices to secure personal information. (CYSEC)

Recognize the importance of monitoring your private data. (CYSEC)

Manage personal data to maintain digital privacy and security and are aware of data collection technology used to track online behaviors. (CYSEC)

Identify if their private data has been altered and can react appropriately. (CYSEC)

Social Interactions: Technology facilitates collaboration with others.

Evaluate the impacts of technology on social interactions.

Troubleshooting: Strategies for solving technology system problems.

Follow appropriate guidelines that convey systematic troubleshooting techniques to identify and fix errors.

Access: Effective searches strategies can locate information for intellectual or creative pursuits.

Devise new search strategies based on information gaps and new understanding.

Publish or present content that customizes the message and medium for their intended audiences to communicate their idea.

Create: It is important to both consume and produce information to be digitally literate.

Data Creation & Analysis: Data can be collected, used, and presented with computing devices or digital tools.

Represent complex data in multiple ways to defend a student-generated claim.

Digital Identity: The responsibilities and opportunities that come with living, learning, and working in an interconnected digital world.

Continued growth.

Evaluate: Information sources can be evaluated for accuracy, currency, appropriateness, and purpose.

Use accurate, credible, and relevant sources of information, media, data, or other resources showing different perspectives.

Hardware & Software: Devices, hardware, and software work together as a system to accomplish tasks.

Continued growth.

Identify and choose hardware and software to help protect a system. (CYSEC)

Identify different options for redundancy (e.g., cloud storage, external, duplicate devices). (CYSEC)

Impacts of Computing: Past, present, and possible future impact of technology on society.

Explain how computing may change cultural aspects of society.

Intellectual Property: Respect for the rights and obligations of using and sharing intellectual property.

Explain the beneficial and harmful effects that intellectual property laws can have on innovation, creativity, and collaboration.

Continued growth.

Evaluate the social and economic implications of piracy and plagiarism in the context of safety, law, or ethics.

Networks & Internet: Networks link computers and devices locally and around the world allowing people to access and communicate information

Compare and contrast different network connection types (e.g., Wi-Fi, mobile data, ethernet).

Understand the global impact of networkable devices.

Problem Solving & Algorithms: Strategies for understanding and solving problems

Demonstrate ways a given algorithm applies to problems across disciplines and explain the benefits and drawbacks of choices made.

Responsible Use: Respect and dignity in virtual and physical communities.

Continued growth.

Continued growth.

Continued growth.

Understand the purpose of and comply with Acceptable Use Policies.

Safety & Ethics: There are both positive and negative impacts in social and ethical behaviors for using technology.

Understand encryption and how it is used to protect data. (CYSEC)

Explain the privacy concerns related to the collection and generation of data through automated processes. (CYSEC)

Continued Growth

Develop a plan to recover from an incident that was tied to unauthorized access. (CYSEC)

Social Interactions: Technology facilitates collaboration with others.

Investigate ways to maximize the benefits and minimize the harmful effects technology can have on society.

Troubleshooting: Strategies for solving technology system problems.

Continued growth.

Access: Effective searches strategies can locate information for intellectual or creative pursuits.

Build knowledge by actively exploring real-world issues and problems, developing ideas and theories, and pursuing answers and solutions.

Create: It is important to both consume and produce information to be digitally literate.

Exhibit perseverance, a tolerance for ambiguity, and the capacity to work with open-ended problems in the design and creation process.

Data Creation & Analysis: Data can be collected, used, and presented with computing devices or digital tools.

Represent complex data using interactive data visualizations or computational models.

Digital Identity: The responsibilities and opportunities that come with living, learning, and working in an interconnected digital world.

Continued growth.

Evaluate: Information sources can be evaluated for accuracy, currency, appropriateness, and purpose.

Explain source selection based on accuracy, perspective, credibility, and relevance of information, media, data, or other resources.

Hardware & Software: Devices, hardware, and software work together as a system to accomplish tasks.

Continued growth.

Continued growth.

Implement redundancy. (CYSEC)

Impacts of Computing: Past, present, and possible future impact of technology on society.

Predict how computing may impact the workplace and personal lives.

Intellectual Property: Respect for the rights and obligations of using and sharing intellectual property.

Debate laws and regulations that impact the development and use of software.

Continued growth.

Continued growth.

Networks & Internet: Networks link computers and devices locally and around the world allowing people to access and communicate information

Choose an appropriate network connection given a scenario or situation.

Compare and contrast the benefits and security risks of networkable devices.

Problem Solving & Algorithms: Strategies for understanding and solving problems

Use and adapt common algorithms to solve computational problems.

Responsible Use: Respect and dignity in virtual and physical communities.

Continued growth.

Continued growth.

Continued growth.

Understand the purpose of and comply with Acceptable Use Policies.

Safety & Ethics: There are both positive and negative impacts in social and ethical behaviors for using technology.

Continued growth.

Illustrate how sensitive data can be affected by malware and other attacks. (CYSEC)

Continued growth.

Continued growth.

Social Interactions: Technology facilitates collaboration with others.

Evaluate the impact of equity, bias, access, and influence on the availability of computing resources in a global society.

Troubleshooting: Strategies for solving technology system problems.

Implement systematic troubleshooting strategies to identify and fix errors.

Access: Effective searches strategies can locate information for intellectual or creative pursuits.

Plan and employ effective research strategies to locate information.

Create: It is important to both consume and produce information to be digitally literate.

Create original works or responsibly repurpose or remix digital resources into new creations to communicate an idea.

Data Creation & Analysis: Data can be collected, used, and presented with computing devices or digital tools.

Collect and analyze complex data.

Digital Identity: The responsibilities and opportunities that come with living, learning, and working in an interconnected digital world.

Manage a digital identity and be aware of the permanence of actions in the digital world. (CYSEC)

Evaluate: Information sources can be evaluated for accuracy, currency, appropriateness, and purpose.

Evaluate the accuracy, perspective, credibility, and relevance of information, media, data, or other resources.

Hardware & Software: Devices, hardware, and software work together as a system to accomplish tasks.

Compare and contrast appropriate device/hardware/software to complete a task.

Define software and security patches/update. (CYSEC)

Explain why a backup is necessary. (CYSEC)

Impacts of Computing: Past, present, and possible future impact of technology on society.

Evaluate how technology has impacted the workforce positively and negatively.

Intellectual Property: Respect for the rights and obligations of using and sharing intellectual property.

Properly use copyrighted works, works in the creative commons, and works in the public domain.

Cite sources in a standard format to ethically reference the intellectual property of others.

Engage in positive, safe, legal, and ethical behavior when using technology.

Networks & Internet: Networks link computers and devices locally and around the world allowing people to access and communicate information

Describe the issues that impact network functionality (e.g., bandwidth, load, delay, topology).

Understand the implications of accessing publicly available Internet connections. (CYSEC)

Problem Solving & Algorithms: Strategies for understanding and solving problems

Identify, recognize, and use an algorithm to solve a complex problem across disciplines.

Responsible Use: Respect and dignity in virtual and physical communities.

Apply cyberbullying prevention strategies.

Apply safe and ethical behaviors to personal electronic communication and interaction. (CYSEC)

Continued growth.

Understand the purpose of and comply with Acceptable Use Policies.

Safety & Ethics: There are both positive and negative impacts in social and ethical behaviors for using technology.

Recognize the effects sharing information online can have on others' privacy. (CYSEC)

Know how to modify account settings to protect privacy and security. (CYSEC)

Recognize that data collection technology can be used to track navigation online. (CYSEC)

Describe ways to prevent identity theft. (CYSEC)

Social Interactions: Technology facilitates collaboration with others.

Identify how technology has affected our means of communication.

Troubleshooting: Strategies for solving technology system problems.

Describe basic hardware and software problems using appropriate and accurate terminology.

Access: Conduct basic searches to gather information from teacher provided digital sources.

Continued growth.

Algorithms & Programming

Design algorithms to solve computational problems using a combination of original and existing algorithms.

Implement searching and sorting algorithms to solve computational problems.

Evaluate algorithms in terms of their efficiency.

Evaluate key qualities of a program through a process, such as code review, program tracing, and/or critical data testing.

Demonstrate knowledge of the different types of programming errors.

Identify and correct different types of programming errors using a systematic approach.

Create: Products are used to share information with others.

Evaluate the ability of models and simulations to test and support hypotheses.

Control Structures

Design computational artifacts using single and multi-way conditional statements.

Design computational artifacts using pretest and/or posttest repetitions.

Design computational artifacts using fixed and/or variable length repetitions.

Iteratively design and develop computational artifacts for practical intent, personal expression, or to address a societal issue.

Justify the selection of specific control structures by identifying tradeoffs associated with implementation, readability, and performance.

Demonstrate the flow of execution of a recursive algorithm.

Evaluate: Evaluate information sources based on purpose. Recognize when the purpose of content is to inform or to influence actions.

Continued growth.

Hardware & Software

Categorize and describe the different functions of operating system software.

Categorize the roles of operating system software.

Demonstrate familiarity and knowledge of the programming environment.

Impacts of Computing: The past, present, and possible future impact of technology on society. People use many types of technologies in their daily work and personal lives.

Continued growth.

Modularity

Analyze a large-scale computational problem and identify generalizable patterns or problem components that can be applied to a solution.

Decompose problems into smaller subproblems through systematic analysis.

Construct solutions to problems using student-created components, such as procedures, modules, and/or objects.

Demonstrate code reuse by creating programming solutions using libraries or APIs.

Network & Internet

Examine the scalability and reliability of networks, by describing the relationship between routers, switches, servers, topology, and addressing.

Explain how the characteristics of the Internet influence the systems developed on it.

Develop solutions to security threats. (CYSEC)

Give examples to illustrate how sensitive data can be affected by malware and other attacks. (CYSEC)

Describe the issues that impact network functionality (e.g., bandwidth, load, delay, topology).

Compare ways software developers protect devices and information from unauthorized access. (CYSEC)

Privacy: Personal privacy concepts.

Continued growth.

Program Development

Iteratively evaluate and refine a computational artifact to enhance its performance, reliability, usability, and/or accessibility.

Document decisions made during the design process using text, graphics, presentations, and/or demonstrations in the development of complex programs.

Develop and use a series of test cases to verify that a program performs according to its design specifications.

Modify an existing program to add additional functionality and discuss intended and unintended implications.

Explain security issues that might lead to compromised computer programs.

Internally document coding structures.

Responsible Use: Safe and ethical behaviors in the digital world.

Continued growth.

Social Interactions: Communication with peers, teachers, and others using technology.

Continued growth.

Safety, Law, and Ethics: Positive and negative social and ethical behaviors for using technology.

Evaluate computational artifacts to maximize their beneficial effects and minimize harmful effects on society.

Troubleshooting

Continued growth.

Variables

Use data structures to represent information.

Compare and contrast fundamental data structures and their uses.

Engineering & Technology

Engineering and Technology

Earth And Human Activity

Earth's Systems

Earth's Place In The Universe

Earth and Space Science

Waves And Their Applications In Technologies For Information Transfer

Energy

Motion And Stability: Forces And Interactions

Matter And Its Interactions

Physical Science

Biological Evolution: Unity And Diversity

Heredity: Inheritance And Variation Of Traits

Ecosystems: Interactions, Energy, And Dynamics

From Molecules To Organism: Structures And Processes

Life Science

Develop a model based on evidence to illustrate the life span of the sun and the role of nuclear fusion in the sun's core to release energy in the form of radiation.

Construct an explanation for the observed expansion of the known universe based on astronomical evidence of light spectra, motion of distant galaxies, cosmic background radiation, and composition of matter in the universe.

Communicate scientific ideas about the way stars, over their life cycle, produce elements.

Use mathematical or computational representations to predict the motion of orbiting objects in the solar system.

Evaluate evidence of the past and current movements of continental and oceanic crust and the theory of plate tectonics to explain the ages of crustal rocks.

Apply scientific reasoning and evidence from ancient Earth materials, meteorites, and other planetary surfaces to construct an account of Earth's formation and early history.

Develop a model to illustrate how Earth's internal and surface processes operate at different spatial and temporal scales to form continental and ocean-floor features.

Analyze geoscience data to make the claim that one change to Earth's surface can create feedbacks that cause changes to other Earth systems.

Develop a model based on evidence of Earth's interior to describe the cycling of matter by thermal convection.

Use a model to describe how variations in the flow of energy into and out of Earth's systems result in changes in climate.

Plan and conduct an investigation of the properties of water and its effects on Earth materials and surface processes.

Develop a quantitative model to describe the cycling of carbon among the hydrosphere, atmosphere, geosphere, and biosphere.

Construct an argument based on evidence about the simultaneous coevolution of Earth's systems and life on Earth.

Construct an explanation based on evidence for how the availability of natural resources, occurrence of natural hazards, and changes in climate have influenced human activity.

Evaluate competing design solutions for developing, managing, and utilizing energy and mineral resources based on cost-benefit ratios.

Analyze the relationships among management of natural resources, the sustainability of human populations, and biodiversity through the use of a computational simulation.

Evaluate or refine a technological solution that reduces impacts of human activities on natural systems.

Analyze geoscience data and the results from global climate models to make an evidence-based forecast of the current rate of global or regional climate change and associated future impacts to Earth systems.

Use data from computational representations to illustrate the relationships among Earth systems and how those relationships are being modified due to human activity.

Analyze a major global challenge to specify qualitative and quantitative criteria and constraints for solutions that account for societal needs and wants.

Design a solution to a complex real-world problem by breaking it down into smaller, more manageable problems that can be solved through engineering.

Evaluate a solution to a complex real-world problem based on prioritized criteria and trade-offs that account for a range of constraints, including cost, safety, reliability, and aesthetics as well as possible social, cultural, and environmental impacts.

Use a computer simulation to model the impact of proposed solutions to a complex real-world problem with numerous criteria and constraints on interactions within and between systems relevant to the problem.

Construct an explanation based on evidence for how the structure of DNA determines the structure of proteins which carry out the essential functions of life through systems of specialized cells.

Develop and use a model to illustrate the hierarchical organization of interacting systems that provide specific functions within multicellular organisms.

Plan and conduct an investigation to provide evidence that feedback mechanisms maintain homeostasis.

Use a model to illustrate the role of cellular division (mitosis) and differentiation in producing and maintaining complex organisms.

Use a model to illustrate how photosynthesis transforms light energy into stored chemical energy.

Construct and revise an explanation based on evidence for how carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen may combine with other elements to form large carbon-based molecules.

Use a model to illustrate that cellular respiration is a chemical process whereby the bonds of food molecules and oxygen molecules are broken and the bonds in new compounds are formed resulting in a net transfer of energy.

Use mathematical and/or computational models to support explanations of factors that affect carrying capacity of ecosystems at different scales.

Use evidence from mathematical representations to explain factors that affect population dynamics and biodiversity.

Construct and revise an explanation based on evidence for the cycling of matter and flow of energy in aerobic and anaerobic conditions.

Use mathematical representations to support claims for the cycling of matter and flow of energy among organisms in an ecosystem.

Develop a model to illustrate the role of photosynthesis and cellular respiration in the cycling of carbon among the biosphere, atmosphere, hydrosphere, and geosphere.

Evaluate the claims, evidence, and reasoning that the complex interactions in ecosystems maintain relatively consistent numbers and types of organisms in stable conditions but changing conditions may result in a new ecosystem.

Design, evaluate, and refine a solution for reducing the impacts of human activities on the environment and biodiversity.

Evaluate the evidence for the role of group behavior on individual and species' chances to survive and reproduce.

Construct an explanation to clarify relationships about the role of DNA and chromosomes in coding the instructions for characteristic traits passed from parents to offspring.

Make and defend a claim based on evidence that inheritable genetic variations result from various factors.

Apply concepts of statistics and probability to explain the variation and distribution of expressed traits in a population.

Analyze and interpret scientific information that common ancestry and biological evolution are supported by multiple lines of empirical evidence.

Construct an explanation based on evidence that the process of biological evolution primarily results from four factors: (1) the potential for a species to increase in number, (2) the heritable genetic variation of individuals in a species due to mutation and sexual reproduction, (3) competition for limited resources, and (4) the proliferation of those organisms that are better able to survive and reproduce in the environment.

Use mathematical models to support explanations that organisms with an advantageous heritable trait tend to increase in proportion to organisms lacking this trait.

Construct an explanation based on evidence for how natural selection leads to adaptation of populations.

Evaluate the evidence supporting claims that changes in environmental conditions may result in increases in the number of individuals of some species, the emergence of new species over time, and the extinction of other species.

Design and revise a solution to mitigate impacts of human activity on biodiversity.

Use the periodic table as a model to predict the relative properties of elements based on the patterns of electrons in the outermost energy level of atoms.

Construct an explanation for the outcome of a simple chemical reaction based on the outermost electron states of atoms, trends in the periodic table, and knowledge of the patterns of chemical properties.

Plan and conduct an investigation to gather evidence to compare the structure of substances at the macro-scale to infer the strength of electrical forces between particles.

Develop a model to illustrate that the release or absorption of energy from a chemical reaction system depends upon the changes in total bond energy.

Apply scientific principles and evidence to provide an explanation about the effects of the reacting particles on the rate at which a reaction occurs.

Refine the design of a chemical system by specifying a change in conditions that would produce increased amounts of products at equilibrium.

Use mathematical representations to support the claim that atoms, and therefore mass, are conserved during a chemical reaction.

Develop models to illustrate the changes in the composition of the nucleus of the atom and the energy released during the processes of fission, fusion, and radioactive decay.

Analyze data to support the claim that Newton's second law of motion describes the mathematical relationship among the net force on a macroscopic object, its mass, and its acceleration.

Use mathematical representations to support the claim that the total momentum of a system of objects is conserved when there is no net force on the system.

Apply scientific principles, such as Newton's 1st & 3rd Laws, and engineering ideas to design, evaluate, and refine a device that minimizes the force on a macroscopic object during a collision.

Use mathematical representations of Newton's Law of Gravitation and Coulomb's Law to describe and predict the gravitational and electrostatic forces between objects.

Plan and conduct an investigation to provide evidence that an electric current can produce a magnetic field and that a changing magnetic field can produce an electric current.

Communicate scientific and technical information about why the molecular-level structure is important in the functioning of designed materials.

Create a mathematical model to calculate the change in the energy of one component in a system when the change in energy of the other component(s) and energy flows in and out of the system are known.

Develop and use models to illustrate that energy is associated with motion and relative position of particles (objects).

Design, build, and refine a device that works within given constraints to convert one form of energy into another form of energy.

Plan and conduct an investigation to provide evidence that the transfer of thermal energy when two components of different temperature are combined within a closed system results in a more uniform energy distribution among the components in the system (thermal equilibrium).

Develop and use a model of two objects interacting through electric or magnetic fields to illustrate the forces between objects and the changes in energy of the objects due to the interaction.

Use mathematical representations to support a claim regarding relationships among the frequency, wavelength, and speed of waves traveling in various media.

Construct an explanation using evidence to support the idea that electromagnetic radiation can be described by a wave model and a particle model.

Evaluate the validity and reliability of claims in published materials of the effects that different frequencies of electromagnetic radiation have when absorbed by matter.

Communicate technical information about how some technological devices use the principles of wave behavior and wave interactions with matter to transmit and capture information and energy.